Last time we covered FreeBSD's third party module, freebsd; this time we'll take a quick look at the equivalent openbsd package for the OpenBSD operating system.
$ python2.5
Python 2.5.4 (r254:67916, Jul 1 2009, 11:37:21)
[GCC 3.3.5 (propolice)] on openbsd4
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import openbsd
>>> dir(openbsd)
['__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', '__path__', '_ifconfig', '_netstat', '_packetDescriptors', '_pcap', '_sysvar', 'arc4random', 'ifconfig', 'netstat', 'packet', 'pcap', 'utils']
Let's see what all is hidden in that utils item:
>>> dir(openbsd.utils)
['DoubleAssociation', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', 'cksum16', 'ethToBytes', 'ethToStr', 'findLongestSubsequence', 'getBlocks', 'ip6FromPrefix', 'ip6ToBytes', 'ip6ToStr', 'ipFromPrefix', 'ipToBytes', 'ipToStr', 'isIP6Addr', 'isIPAddr', 'isStringLike', 'multichar', 'multiord']
OK, a fair number of network addressing related functions.
help(openbsd.utils.ipFromPrefix)
ipFromPrefix(prefix)
Produce an IPv4 address (netmask) from a prefix length.
That sounds handy. Let's give it a shot:
>>> openbsd.utils.ipFromPrefix(24)
'255.255.255.0'
>>> help(openbsd.utils.DoubleAssociation)
Help on class DoubleAssociation in module openbsd.utils:
class DoubleAssociation(__builtin__.dict)
| A double-association is a broadminded dictionary - it goes both ways.
|
| The rather simple implementation below requires the keys and values to
| be two disjoint sets. That is, if a given value is both a key and a
| value in a DoubleAssociation, you get unexpected behaviour.
|
| Method resolution order:
| DoubleAssociation
| __builtin__.dict
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(self, idict=None)
| # FIXME:
| # While DoubleAssociation is adequate for our use, it is not entirely complete:
| # - Deletion should delete both associations
| # - Other dict methods that set values (eg. setdefault) will need to be over-ridden.
This one is kind of interesting - let's have a look:
>>> d = {1:'a', 2:'b', 3:'c'}
>>> d.get(1)
'a'
>>> print d.get('a')
None
>>> da = openbsd.utils.DoubleAssociation(d)
>>> da.get(1)
'a'
>>> da.get('a')
1
Just like the doc described it. Both the keys and the values are keys, if that makes sense.
Back up to the main modules of the openbsd package:
>>> help(openbsd.arc4random)
NAME
openbsd.arc4random
FILE
/usr/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/openbsd/arc4random.so
FUNCTIONS
getbytes(...)
Get some random bytes.
And the result -
>>> bytesx = openbsd.arc4random.getbytes(10)
>>> [bytex for bytex in bytesx]
['\xb4', '\xd1', '\x86', '\xb7', 'g', '8', '\x10', '}', '\x8b', '\xe5']
One last module on a more common theme:
NAME
openbsd.ifconfig - A Python module for querying and manipulating network interfaces.
FILE
/usr/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/openbsd/ifconfig.py
CLASSES
__builtin__.int(__builtin__.object)
FlagVal
__builtin__.object
Flags
IFConfig
Interface
MTU
Media
Metric
exceptions.Exception(exceptions.BaseException)
_ifconfig.IfConfigError
class FlagVal(__builtin__.int)
| Method resolution order:
(etc.)
>>> intx = openbsd.ifconfig.Interface('rl0')
>>> print intx
rl0: flags=8843
mtu 1500
media: Ethernet autoselect
link: 00:30:bd:72:6a:a0
inet6: fe80:2::230:bdff:fe72:6aa0
inet: 192.168.100.100
>>> dir(intx)
['Iftype', 'Name', '__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__doc__', '__getattribute__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__module__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__str__', '__weakref__', '_addrToStr', '_addrTypeLookup', '_getAddresses', '_getinfo', '_setflags', '_setmetric', '_setmtu', 'addAddress', 'addresses', 'delAddress', 'flags', 'media', 'metric', 'mtu', 'setAddress']
>>> intx.media
media: Ethernet autoselect
>>> intx.addresses
[{'address': {'sa_family': 18L, 'iftype': 'ETHER', 'address': '00:30:bd:72:6a:a0'}}, {'netmask': {'sa_family': 24L, 'address': 'ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::'}, 'address': {'sa_family': 24L, 'address': 'fe80:2::230:bdff:fe72:6aa0'}}, {'netmask': {'sa_family': 0L, 'address': None}, 'dstaddr': {'sa_family': 2L, 'address': '192.168.100.255'}, 'address': {'sa_family': 2L, 'address': '192.168.100.100'}}]
>>>
ifconfig available within Python - sweet. rl0 is the ethernet device on my old Dell tower.
Examination of the openbsd package shows that it has quite a bit to offer. If you're using OpenBSD, there's nothing stopping you from doing routine sysadmin tasks with Python. If not, now you've got a reason to check it out.
